Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro reached the Incan territory as he explored south from Panama, and immediately petitioned the crown for permission to invade - he believed fervently that the land was ripe with treasure. In 1526, the Inca's domination of the land began its downward spiral. This wasn't a complete loss for the Incas since most of the land in this area of the empire was predominately desert wasteland, and the majority of the population remained in the Andes. There the Mapuche tribes stopped the Incas in their tracks. Tupac's son Huayna Capac later added a few additional pieces of present-day Ecuador to the empire, but his southern expansion was halted at the Battle of the Maule. Tupac quickly dispatched them and added their holdings to the growing empire. At this point in time, the Incas only had one main rival left along the western shores, the Chimor tribe. Once they were older, the children were returned to their original provinces in the empire, helping to spread the Incan culture.ДЄfter Pachacuti's death in 1471, his son Tupac Inca Yupanqui began new conquests in the north. Children of the ruling families were made to relocate to Cusco (the capital) and learn from the Incas directly, becoming indoctrinated into their culture and way of life. Pachacuti set up a new system of government in order to keep his acquisitions in order. The appellation was a literal naming of the empire, signifying its creation from four separate provinces - Chinchasuyu in the northwest, Antisuyu in the northeast, Contisuyu to the southwest, and Collasuyu to the southeast.

Using both military conquests and peaceful assimilations, Pachacuti and his son Tupac laid the foundation for the Tahuantinsuyu Empire. Under the leadership of Pachacuti, the ninth Sapa Inca, Cusco embarked upon a campaign to subjugate the surrounding tribes under one banner. Fertile valleys nestled between the mountain peaks gave the Incas plenty of spaces to live and grow.Д«efore it was a mighty empire, the Incas hailed from the small Kingdom of Cusco, situated in western Peru.

The climate and geography were mountainous, but early on the Incas perfected the art of terrace farming and easily lived among the ridges. The empire was centered along the Andean mountain ranges, and encompassed areas which include parts of present-day Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Bolivia, and Colombia. Despite the Inca's near and complete annihilation, many artifacts and physical structures still stand, such as the famed Machu Picchu, a testament of the power once wielded by the Incan kings. While the empire only lasted for one brief century, it did much to unify the people and culture of the different tribes living on the mountain tops. This grand empire had humble beginnings in one small kingdom, but grew to dominate the whole of 'civilized' South America. The largest Pre-Columbian empire in the Americas, the Incan Empire stretched from Peru to Chile along the Andes Mountains. Use their unique unit, the Slinger, to harass your foes without fear of repercussions. Their other strength is their exceptional mobility in hills, which may confer them an important advantage if used properly. You will end up with cities strong in both Production and Food potential. Look for opportunities to settle in hilly areas to make the most of these advantages also, look for mountains and try to settle near them (as the Terrace Farm's effect is even greater near mountains). To further their effectiveness in hills, their unique improvement, the Terrace Farm, allows them to extract Food from hills without having to find one with access to fresh water. This will increase your GPT from inland City Connections significantly. Roads and Railroads cost no maintenance in hills, and half anywhere else. The main strength of the Inca lies in their ability to use the hill terrain feature much more efficiently than any other civilization. 2.3 Early History: The Kingdom of Cusco.

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